Sensitive Teeth: Causes and Cures

Does a sip of hot coffee or a bite of ice cream send a sharp, shooting jolt of pain through your tooth? Tooth sensitivity (Dentine Hypersensitivity) is a common dental complaint, but it can make eating and drinking a misery.

The Anatomy of Sensitivity

Teeth are protected by a hard outer layer called enamel (above the gum) and cementum (below the gum). Underneath lies the dentine, which contains thousands of microscopic tubes leading directly to the tooth nerve. When the protective enamel wears away or gums recede, these tubes are exposed. Hot, cold, or sweet triggers travel down the tubes and zap the nerve.

Common Causes

• Brushing Too Hard: Aggressive scrubbing wears away enamel and pushes gums back (recession).
• Acid Erosion: Frequent consumption of fizzy drinks, citrus fruits, or conditions like acid reflux dissolve enamel.
• Grinding (Bruxism): Grinding teeth at night causes micro-cracks in enamel.
• Whitening: Bleaching treatments can cause temporary sensitivity.
• Gum Disease: Exposed roots due to recession are very sensitive.

How to Fix It

1. Desensitizing Toothpaste: Brands like Sensodyne or Colgate Pro-Relief contain compounds (like potassium nitrate) that block the nerve signals or plug the dentine tubes. You must use them every day for them to work.

2. Change Your Brush: Switch to a soft-bristled toothbrush and use a gentle circular motion.

3. Fluoride Varnish: Visit us for a fluoride application. This high-concentration varnish strengthens enamel and reduces sensitivity.

4. Bonding: If you have severe wear or recession, we can apply composite bonding (filling material) to cover the exposed sensitive root surfaces.

Note: Sensitivity can sometimes be a sign of a dying nerve or a cavity. If the pain lingers for minutes after the cold stimulus is removed, it is likely not just sensitivity but pulpitis. See a dentist to be sure.